NFNational Science Foundation logo

National Science Foundation Unclaimed

Federal Agencies

www.nsf.gov

Alexandria, VA, United States

NSF funds and promotes science and engineering across the United States through directorates, partnerships, and initiatives.

National Science Foundation (NSF) is a United States federal agency that funds and promotes science and engineering across the nation. An independent agency, NSF supports basic and applied research across a broad range of disciplines, funds universities, national laboratories, centers, and partnerships, and fosters education and workforce development to strengthen the country's innovation ecosystem. By engaging with researchers, educators, industry, and the public, NSF advances discoveries, accelerates technology transfer, and expands access to STEM opportunities for students, teachers, and researchers. The agency conducts merit-reviewed funding programs, supports research infrastructure, and promotes the responsible conduct and dissemination of knowledge. Through its directorates and cross-cutting initiatives, NSF addresses national priorities in areas such as computing, education, health, environment, and security, while maintaining a commitment to broad participation, public accountability, and the dissemination of results. NSF also provides resources for applicants and awardees, including guidance on proposal preparation, budgets, and compliance with policy requirements. By supporting a diverse ecosystem of universities, research centers, and industry partners, NSF aims to strengthen the nation's scientific excellence, competitiveness, and capacity to solve complex problems.

The U.S. National Science Foundation is an independent federal agency that supports science and engineering in all 50 states and U.S. territories.

What we offer

America's Seed Fund (SBIR/STTR)

Service

Provides funding for startups to turn research into viable products, driving innovation.

seedfund.nsf.gov/

Convergence Accelerator

Service

Empowers researchers to tackle societal challenges through transdisciplinary technology development.

www.nsf.gov/funding/initiatives/convergence-accelerator

NSF Regional Innovation Engines

Catalyzes innovation ecosystems to drive economic growth and societal solutions.

www.nsf.gov/funding/initiatives/regional-innovation-engines

Experiential Learning for Emerging and Novel Technologies (ExLENT)

Service

Facilitates hands-on learning in emerging technologies for diverse audiences.

www.nsf.gov/funding/opportunities/exlent-experiential-learning-emerging-novel-technologies

Pathways to Enable Open-Source Ecosystems (POSE)

Service

Supports the establishment and sustainability of open-source ecosystems to meet critical challenges.

www.nsf.gov/funding/initiatives/pathways-enable-open-source-ecosystems

National AI Research Resource Pilot (NAIRR)

Provides essential AI resources and tools to researchers for accelerated scientific discovery.

www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/ai/nairr

National AI Research Institutes

Accelerates AI research through collaboration and workforce development.

www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/ai/institutes

Engineering Research Centers (ERC)

ERC promotes transformative engineering research and education through collaboration.

www.nsf.gov/eng/engineering-research-centers

Industry-University Cooperative Research Centers (IUCRC)

Facilitates transformative research through collaboration between industry and academia.

iucrc.nsf.gov/

Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC)

MRSEC fosters collaboration, innovation, and training in materials science through interdisciplinary research and partnerships.

www.nsf.gov/funding/opportunities/mrsec-materials-research-science-engineering-centers

Science and Technology Centers (STCs)

Enables transformative research through collaborative partnerships in science and technology.

www.nsf.gov/od/oia/ia/stc

NSF Public Access Repository (PAR)

Facilitates open access to NSF-funded research outputs for public benefit.

par.nsf.gov

Market segments

Market size by segment

Growth potential (CAGR)

Startup funding and grant marketplaces

2 Billion USD15% CAGR

Marketplaces that connect startups with non-dilutive funding, grants, contracts, and programmatic funding opportunities and support application discovery and submission.

University research partnerships

8.5 Billion USD12.9% CAGR

Collaborative sponsored and contract research with industry and government, including joint development, applied research projects, and technology transfer.

Regional startup ecosystem development

6 Billion USD8.5% CAGR

Programs and events that strengthen local and regional startup ecosystems by connecting stakeholders, running job fairs and local events, and centralizing resources to support economic development.

Workforce development and curriculum design

42.7 Billion USD8.9% CAGR

Curriculum, gamified training, and experiential programs aligned to workforce outcomes and integrated with emerging technology learning.

Open access, open-source and national research infrastructure

8.3 Billion USD8.5% CAGR

Programs that support open-source ecosystem stewardship, public access to research outputs, and shared data and computing infrastructure for collaborative scientific research.

More information about our offering

America's Seed Fund (SBIR/STTR)

NSF's America's Seed Fund (SBIR/STTR) provides funding to startups and small businesses to translate research into products and services, including biotech innovations. It supports SBIR and STTR programs that help early‑stage ideas move toward market‑ready solutions.

  • Utilizes SBIR/STTR Framework
    Leverages established SBIR and STTR frameworks to maximize reach and impact on innovations.
  • Funds Early-Stage Startups
    Provides essential funding to startups, accelerating their path from research to market implementation.
  • Supports Biotech Innovations
    Empowers startups working on biotech solutions, enhancing the focus on healthcare advancements.
  • No Equity Requirement
    Allows startups to retain full ownership and control of their intellectual property and business.

Convergence Accelerator

NSF's Convergence Accelerator funds transdisciplinary teams to co-design and co-create technology advances addressing societal and economic challenges. It provides milestone-driven funding of up to $5.75 million per award, along with mentorship, entrepreneurial resources, and access to commercialization expertise. The program emphasizes lab-to-market acceleration, deep technologies, innovation teams, strategic partnerships, and commercialization support.

  • Guides Research Translation
    Helps convert innovative research into successful products, enhancing market viability.
  • Provides Significant Funding
    Ensures access to substantial financial resources necessary for impactful research and development.
  • Encourages Collaborative Innovation
    Fosters partnerships across disciplines for holistic problem-solving through innovative solutions.
  • Facilitates Research Transition
    Utilizes early investments to reduce risks associated with emerging technologies, paving the way for market success.
  • Supports Entrepreneurial Growth
    Equips teams with the necessary tools and support to successfully launch entrepreneurship ventures.
  • Enhances Collaborative Networks
    Promotes synergies between sectors for comprehensive research approaches and shared resources.

NSF Regional Innovation Engines

NSF Regional Innovation Engines create regional coalitions to catalyze use‑inspired research, technology translation and workforce development. NSF may award up to $160 million to build regional innovation ecosystems that connect universities, industry, government and communities.

  • Forge Key Partnerships
    Creates invaluable links between diverse sectors to stimulate collaborative advancements.
  • Enhance Workforce Development
    Empowers local talent through targeted training and educational initiatives.
  • Secure Significant Funding
    Provides robust financial support to kickstart and sustain innovation initiatives.
  • Build Regional Networks
    Establishes collaborative environments that enhance local innovation capabilities.
  • Accelerate Tech Transfer
    Facilitates the conversion of innovations into market-ready solutions for real-world impact.

Experiential Learning for Emerging and Novel Technologies (ExLENT)

ExLENT funds organizations to provide hands‑on experiential learning experiences in emerging technologies for diverse participants, preparing them with essential skills for careers in these fields. Eligible organizations can receive up to $1 million in funding.

  • Facilitate Practical Learning
    Enables participants to engage with cutting-edge technologies through immersive, hands-on experiences that promote deeper understanding and skill development.
  • Receive Up To $1 Million
    Provides substantial financial support to enhance educational programs in emerging technologies.
  • Equip for Tech Careers
    Focuses on equipping learners with the skills necessary for success in rapidly evolving technology sectors.
  • Engages Diverse Learners
    Aims to involve individuals from various backgrounds and demographics, enhancing inclusivity in technology education.

Pathways to Enable Open-Source Ecosystems (POSE)

POSE is an NSF program that harnesses distributed open-source development to address national, societal and economic challenges. It funds managing organizations to catalyze the creation and growth of open-source ecosystems built around mature products, with goals including security, privacy, continuous integration, governance and long-term sustainability.

  • Provides Financial Support
    Enables organizations to secure funding essential for developing and scaling open-source projects.
  • Ensures Longevity
    Establishes robust structures to maintain ecosystem functions and growth over time.
  • Integrates Safe Practices
    Incorporates essential security measures and CI methodologies to protect and streamline development.
  • Increases Participation
    Encourages diverse contributions from users and developers, enhancing project collaboration.
  • Targets Key Issues
    Directs efforts towards significant problems that impact the nation, enhancing community resilience.

National AI Research Resource Pilot (NAIRR)

NAIRR is an NSF initiative to provide a national AI research resource pilot, delivering access to AI data, computing resources and tools to accelerate AI‑driven science and engineering.

  • Provides Data and Resources
    Equips researchers with high-quality datasets and robust computing power to enhance AI research capabilities.
  • Enables Advanced Experiments
    Facilitates groundbreaking AI research through comprehensive access to cutting-edge infrastructure.
  • Enhances AI Workforce Skills
    Promotes educational initiatives to create a skilled workforce adept in AI technologies.
  • Facilitates Collaboration
    Encourages partnership and sharing of resources within the AI research community to foster innovation.

National AI Research Institutes

NSF funds National AI Research Institutes to accelerate AI research, foster collaboration among universities, industry and government, and build a world‑class AI workforce.

  • Enhances AI Skills
    Provides educational tools and resources to develop a skilled workforce ready for AI challenges.
  • Fosters Partnerships
    Encourages joint initiatives and projects to leverage diverse expertise for greater impact in AI research.
  • Promotes Collaborative Research
    Creates an interconnected network of research institutes to drive AI advancements across multiple disciplines.
  • Builds AI Literacy
    Empowers individuals and businesses with the knowledge and tools needed to thrive in an AI-driven economy.
  • Enhances Research Access
    Delivers integrated computational, data, and software resources necessary for cutting-edge AI research.

Engineering Research Centers (ERC)

Engineering Research Centers (ERC) fund high-risk, high-payoff engineering research through cross-sector partnerships, aiming to advance engineered systems and education.

  • Enhances Research Through Collaboration
    Engaging stakeholders from various fields strengthens research outcomes and accelerates innovation.
  • Supports Innovative Research
    Encouraging high-risk projects allows for groundbreaking advancements and solutions to complex engineering challenges.
  • Prepares Future Engineers
    ERC focuses on curriculum development and educational initiatives to ensure a skilled workforce in engineering.
  • Access to Cutting-edge Facilities
    Supports advanced research capabilities by offering essential tools and environments conducive to innovation.
  • Fosters Diverse Expertise
    Bringing together diverse fields enhances comprehensive solutions to engineering problems.

Industry-University Cooperative Research Centers (IUCRC)

IUCRC programs catalyze pre-competitive research by enabling long-term collaboration between industry and universities, often with government involvement, to accelerate innovation.

  • Drives Sustainable Research Initiatives
    These partnerships ensure ongoing research that is relevant to industry needs, contributing to workforce development and technological advancement.
  • Enhances Collaborative Opportunities
    IUCRC promotes collaboration among universities, industries, and government, creating a robust research environment that fosters innovation.
  • Supports Advancements Prior to Market
    IUCRC facilitates research that lays the groundwork for future innovations without the immediate pressure of commercial viability.
  • Ensures Practical Application of Research
    IUCRC enhances the practical relevance of academic research by connecting it with industry needs and challenges.
  • Access to Multiple Funding Programs
    Researchers can leverage various funding sources through IUCRC to enhance their projects and collaborate effectively.

Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC)

MRSEC supports university-based centers that collaborate with industry and other sectors on multidisciplinary materials research and education.

  • Enhances Workforce Skills
    MRSEC develops training programs to prepare the next generation of materials scientists, ensuring they possess the skills needed to advance in the field.
  • Promotes Cross-Disciplinary Innovation
    MRSEC centers undertake research that integrates knowledge from various disciplines, paving the way for breakthroughs in materials science.
  • Facilitates Industrial Partnerships
    MRSEC collaborates with industry to translate research innovations into practical applications, enhancing product development and technological advancements.
  • Supports Cutting-Edge Discoveries
    MRSEC's funding initiatives are directed towards pioneering research in materials with unique properties and potential applications in various industries.

Science and Technology Centers (STCs)

Science and Technology Centers conduct world-class research through partnerships among academia, national laboratories, industry, and other entities, domestically and internationally.

  • Foster Collaboration Across Sectors
    These partnerships enhance the research value by integrating diverse expertise and resources, accelerating innovation in scientific and technological advancements.
  • Conduct Advanced and Diverse Research
    Research at these centers spans various fields, leading to significant scientific breakthroughs that address both fundamental and applied questions.
  • Promote International Research Initiatives
    The centers facilitate a global exchange of knowledge and resources, enabling researchers to tackle pressing challenges on a worldwide scale.
  • Strengthen STEM Education
    These programs prepare the next generation of scientists and engineers, contributing to a knowledgeable workforce that meets future challenges.

NSF Public Access Repository (PAR)

NSF Public Access Repository provides open access to NSF‑funded publications; awardees deposit peer‑reviewed publications and conference papers to ensure public availability.

  • Mandates Depositing Publications
    This feature ensures all peer-reviewed outputs from NSF-funded research are captured and made publicly accessible.
  • Provides Open Access
    The repository enables free access to critical scientific and engineering research for the public and academic communities.
  • Promotes Public Engagement
    By guaranteeing that research outputs are publicly available, this feature strengthens public engagement and trust in scientific endeavors.
  • Enhances Research Integrity
    This feature supports researchers in developing data management plans, ensuring compliance with NSF requirements for data sharing.

References

Methodology and sourcing behind the figures shown above.

Startup funding and grant marketplaces

Search results contain signals of strong recent demand for startup funding (e.g., a 75% increase in U.S. startup funding in H1) and high startup revenue growth expectations. No explicit market size or CAGR for ‘startup funding and grant marketplaces’ was provided in the results, so the market-size estimate is a conservative, serviceable-market projection based on: (a) public grant/contract program budgets (government grant pools and programs like SBIR/STTR, Horizon-style programs) and overall startup funding flows cited in results, (b) typical platform/marketplace revenue capture rates (small single-digit percentage of facilitated funding), and (c) increasing digital adoption and platformization of grant discovery/submission services. The estimated CAGR (15%) reflects observed near-term funding volatility (large year-over-year swings in funding) and a structural tailwind for discovery/submission platforms as non-dilutive funding sources and grant programs digitalize and become more competitive.

University research partnerships

Estimate uses the explicit market forecast found in the supplied search results (RealTimeDataStats): global "University Collaboration" market sized at USD 8.5B in 2025 with a projected CAGR of 12.9% to 2033. Other provided sources reviewed were qualitative and did not report numeric market-size or CAGR figures.

Regional startup ecosystem development

Search results contained no explicit market-size or CAGR data for "regional startup ecosystem development." I estimated size using internal-sector reasoning: assume ~3,000 active regional/local startup ecosystems (municipal economic-development offices, local accelerators/incubators, events and job‑fair programs) in primary markets, and an average annual spend per region on ecosystem programs/events/resources of roughly $2.0M (midpoint between small programs ~$0.5M and larger regional initiatives $3–5M). 3,000 × $2.0M ≈ $6.0B total annual market. Growth potential (CAGR ~8.5%) reflects continued public and private investment in entrepreneurship, growing VC and corporate engagement in regional hubs, expansion of accelerator/incubator services, and increasing frequency of ecosystem-building events; this aligns with typical growth ranges observed for related services (accelerators, coworking, economic-development programs). No explicit supporting figures were found in the provided search results.

Workforce development and curriculum design

Primary source (Growth Market Reports) cites the global workforce development market at USD 42.7B in 2024 with an 8.9% CAGR (2025–2033). Market context from MarketsandMarkets (digital education CAGR 24.2% to 2030) and a LinkedIn summary (corporate training valuation and higher CAGR estimates) indicate that tech-enabled curriculum, gamified and experiential subsegments could grow faster than the overall workforce development market, but the conservative, primary estimate uses the Growth Market Reports figures.

Open access, open-source and national research infrastructure

Search results show large, fast-growing open-source services markets (USD 33–41B; CAGRs ~16.8–18%) and a smaller OSINT market (USD 5.39B; CAGR 6.31%). The target segment (open access, open-source and national research infrastructure) is a distinct, largely publicly funded subset of the broader open-source ecosystem and digital-research services. Using the open-source services market as an upper bound and OSINT as a comparable smaller market, I estimate the global market for stewardship and national research infrastructure at roughly 8.3 billion USD (mid-sized fraction of open-source services market) with growth potential about 8.5% CAGR given accelerating public-policy mandates, growing national programs, and rising institutional adoption of open infrastructures.

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